Retired Deputy Vice-Chancellor: Academics at the University of Mpumalanga, professor Ric Bernard says the pandemic and the lockdown have required all of us to adapt quickly to find new ways of teaching and learning.
From the days when students sat silently at the symbolic feet of the scholar/ teacher and read books in the library, to today when technology is being increasingly used to enrich and facilitate learning (and, unfortunately, books are seldom read) – teaching and learning has changed and will continue to change as new ideas and technologies are developed.
Learning, which was once a relatively passive activity for students, now requires much more active participation from students and new approaches from staff. Academics and teachers have to be adaptable, must be open to new ways of doing things and must be prepared to change in the interest of providing the best possible education to their students.
Adaptability and change have always been a necessary part of an academic’s life, and I can remember when, with some reluctance, I prepared my first PowerPoint slides many years ago. However, while previously we have had some control over the pace of change, that has not been the case in the past five months.
A change in pedagogy
Like many universities, the University of Mpumalanga (UMP) has supported the provision of blended learning, where traditional classroom practices are enhanced by the judicious incorporation of e-Learning activities. Blended learning increases the richness of content and allows for more flexible learning systems that address the needs of a more diverse group of students, all with different learning styles.
E-Learning allows asynchronous learning where students are not tied to the standard lecture timetable and can rather create their own learning schedules; it allows for learning to occur beyond the formal classroom, including when students are on work integrated learning; and it promotes the development of academic independence and lifelong learning.
Since 2017, when the Policy for e-Learning was approved, UMP has invested resources in developing its Moodle teaching and learning platform and in preparing staff and students for the use of e-Learning. By the start of the 2020 academic year, the uptake of e-Learning and the use of Moodle was significant across UMP, the majority of staff had received some training in its application, and many students were familiar with Moodle having used the platform in previous years.
As a result of this work, when the call came to switch from a blended approach to teaching and learning to remote or online delivery, many of the staff and students were able to make the transition relatively easily. However, the inequality that is such a prominent feature of many aspects of life in South Africa, and which affects both staff and students, has made the implementation of online teaching and learning problematic for some. Many of the students at UMP report that they have all the support they need for online learning, with a dedicated study area, computer and Internet connectivity, and supportive family and friends.
Others report the opposite and are expected to help with housework during the day, or care for younger siblings, share a room, do not have access to the Internet and can only work at night. The challenges that such inequality pose are not just felt in South Africa, but in many other countries in Africa and indeed in the world. At a recent webinar entitled Cross-Continental dialogues on Higher Education: How are universities coping with the COVID-19 crisis?, the President of the University of La Rochelle in France reported that the university was given three days’ notice to prepare for shutdown and online teaching, and that they also faced problems of social inequality as many students could not access digital devices.
This point is made to emphasize that we are not alone in facing these challenges and we do not necessarily have to find original solutions. We can and are learning from colleagues elsewhere in Africa and elsewhere in the world.
The harsh reality of social inequality should be seen as a challenge rather than a justification for the call made by some students and student organizations to halt online teaching. Universities are working together, with the support of the Department of Higher Education and training, and the Council on Higher Education, to innovate and to ensure that the two gaols, being that the 2020 academic year is not lost, and that no student is left behind, are achieved.
Willing and active participation
The successful implementation of online learning requires willing and active participation of both staff and students, and students at UMP have demonstrated considerable agency by supporting their lectures in, for example, the distribution of learning materials.
While technology enhanced and online learning has its real benefits, it cannot easily replace the face-to-face interactions that characterise the classroom and it does not easily replicate the learning that occurs between students in large classes, in the dining halls and on the sports fields. The students of UMP have demonstrated a clear preference for PowerPoint presentations that include either a voice-over, or video of the staff member, and many staff members have responded to this call.
In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic will pass and universities and their core activities of teaching and learning, research and engagement will return to normal. What that normal might look like in terms of teaching and learning remains to be seen but it should include an even greater uptake of blended learning.
The requirement to switch from contact to online teaching has forced us to rethink our conception that good teaching and learning can only occur in the classroom or in the laboratory. It has opened our eyes to other possibilities and what can be achieved using technology. However, this is not the end of face-to-face teaching and the new normal must make room for the human and social interactions that take place on a campus.
@ Professor Ric Bernard is the former Deputy Vice-Chancellor: Academics at the University of Mpumalanga. The opinions expressed in this article are his and may not reflect the views of the University of Mpumalanga