The concept of One Health has emerged as a transformative approach to addressing the intricate connections between human, animal, and environmental health. This integrated framework highlights the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in solving some of the most pressing global challenges.
From disease prevention to environmental sustainability, One Health is gaining traction across sectors. Yet, as Dr Nduku asserts, its application in poultry production remains underexplored.
“Poultry farming is at the crossroads of human health, animal welfare, and environmental sustainability. By adopting a One Health perspective, we can uncover new opportunities to enhance food security while addressing critical challenges such as zoonotic diseases and antimicrobial resistance.”
South Africa’s poultry industry is a cornerstone of its agricultural sector, contributing significantly to food security, economic growth, and job creation. As the fastest-growing source of animal protein, poultry farming – from broiler meat to egg production – has become vital in meeting the country's nutritional needs. Chicken has cemented its position as South Africa’s most consumed protein. Dr Nduku describes this as both an opportunity and a responsibility.
“Poultry production plays a dual role in addressing protein shortages and improving nutrition. However, to sustain this growth, we must critically examine the environmental and health implications of intensive farming practices.”
The intensification of poultry farming to meet rising urban demand has brought about significant benefits, including increased productivity and shorter production cycles. Yet, it also presents challenges. High-density poultry farming environments increase the likelihood of disease outbreaks and often necessitate the use of subtherapeutic antibiotics to prevent infections.
Dr Nduku is keenly aware of the risks. “The overuse of antibiotics in poultry farming is a double-edged sword,” she explains. “While it boosts productivity, it also contributes to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), posing a significant threat to public health. The emergence of drug-resistant bacteria not only impacts the poultry sector but also spills over into human populations.”
This growing issue has sparked concerns among consumers and scientists alike. Many worry about the potential presence of harmful drug residues in poultry products and the long-term consequences of AMR on human health.
Collaboration Power
Beyond antibiotic use, Dr Nduku emphasises the importance of addressing environmental sustainability within the poultry sector. “Sustainable practices, such as waste-to-energy technologies and the proper management of poultry manure, can significantly reduce the industry’s ecological footprint."
By converting poultry litter into renewable energy through biogas production or using it as a natural fertiliser, the sector can align with broader environmental goals. Additionally, exploring alternative feed ingredients, such as insect protein and agricultural by-products, can alleviate the strain on conventional crop production.
“When integrating responsible environmental management into poultry farming, we can reduce pollution, support biodiversity, and enhance public and animal health. “Such practices exemplify the One Health approach in action.”
The path forward for South Africa’s poultry industry is clear: collaboration is key. Dr Nduku advocates for partnerships across disciplines, bringing together animal scientists, veterinarians, ecologists, policymakers, and poultry producers.
“Shared knowledge is our most valuable tool in addressing the complexities of poultry production within a One Health framework. By working together, we can ensure that poultry farming remains a sustainable contributor to food security, environmental health, and public well-being.”
In rethinking poultry production, the One Health perspective offers a powerful lens through which to navigate the interconnected challenges of our time. As Dr Nduku’s insights suggest, the poultry industry has the potential to lead the way in demonstrating how integrated strategies can benefit all – humans, animals, and the planet alike.
Dr Xola Nduku is a Lecturer in Animal Production in the School of Agricultural Sciences at the University of Mpumalanga. She holds a PhD in Agriculture (Animal Science). Her research focuses on the impact of production factors and nutrition on animal performance and health, with an emphasis on promoting the safe production of animal products for human consumption. Dr Nduku has actively participated in various scientific activities, presented papers at local and international conferences, and attended numerous workshops. She regularly engages with industry stakeholders, fostering the exchange of knowledge and ideas on the latest developments in animal agriculture.