In August we acknowledge the power and strength of women. We celebrate their achievements and the outstanding work that they do. This month we profile three young UMP emerging researchers that are doing extraordinary work in their fields of speciality. Dr Inam Yekwayo, a lecturer in Nature Conservation, Dr Julia Giddy who teaches four undergraduates courses in geography and conservation and Dr Rachel Nishimwe-Niyimbanira share their research projects.
Dr Julia Giddy is currently involved in teaching four undergraduate courses in geography and conservation, and the and supervision of Work Integrated Learning projects. She believes research must be innovative, and, especially within the South African context, that applied research is crucial.
“My research background is relatively diverse. Research for my masters and PhD focused on investigating the human-environment relationship in the context of nature-based adventure tourism. It looks at the role of the natural environment in the different stages of adventure tourism participation, from planning to experiences to subsequent impacts. This has been integrated into a human-environment interaction theoretical framework which I adapted based on the empirical results.
Nature-based tourism is at the core of international tourism in Southern Africa and therefore needs to be investigated from a number of different angles. Prior to this work the majority of research on nature-based tourism in the region focused on environmental impacts and broad consumer-based research rather than holistic integrative environmental sociology. Therefore, my research is an important contribution to the discipline. I have since expanded my research efforts on adventure tourism and have begun to look at it from different angles. The first was to expand the theoretical understanding of adventure tourism, which resulted in a publication on the commodification of adventure tourism due to the growing increase in commercialization of the industry. In addition, I have begun to explore employment in adventure tourism from a sustainable human resource management perspective, from which two publications have emerged, one published and one in-press.
This body of work is significant due to the serious safety concerns surrounding adventure tourism and significance of adventure guides in ensuring visitor safety, particularly in the commercialized context. In addition, I have looked at broad adventure tourism development in Southern Africa and across the continent delving into some of the challenges to adventure tourism which are particular to the African context. During the first year of my post-PhD work at the University of Johannesburg, I joined a research team which was working on integrating the interplay between tourism, climate and weather. I completed three projects on the influence of weather on tourism in South Africa. The first was on international tourists’ perception of weather while visiting South Africa.
The second focused on the supply perspective and integrated my expertise on adventure tourism, by examining the impact of extreme weather patterns on the white-water rafting industry in South Africa. The third one analyzed the perceptions of participants in the 2017 Cape Town Cycle Tour which was cancelled due to extreme winds. The increase in the number and severity of extreme weather events in Southern Africa has become apparent in recent years and this research demonstrated the significant impacts these changes in weather patterns are having on the tourism and events sectors. My more recent work has focused on the tourism-poverty nexus, analysing aspects such as perceptions surrounding slum tourism, issues surrounding tourism employment and the role of the emerging gig economy in the context of travel and tourism in Southern Africa.
The platform economy has, undoubtedly, transformed the way travel and tourism operate throughout the world. A great deal of work has been done on the impacts of the gig economy though it is largely limited to countries of the Global North. My research seeks to expand this body of work to the Global South by focusing on Southern Africa. I have also conducted research on inner city walking tours in Johannesburg using a slum tourism theoretical approach. This study interrogated some of the ethical concerns surrounding these types of tours as well as the motivations of tourists engaging in guided inner city walking tours. Although a great deal of research has concentrated on poverty tourism in the context of slums, there is a gap in work which focuses on inner city neighbourhoods of relative poverty where tourism has recently emerged.
Dr Inam Yekwayo is a lecturer in Nature Conservation in the School of Biology and Environmental Sciences. She has a passion for teaching and learning but is fascinated by research. To date, she has published eight papers in
peer-reviewed journals, including Insect Conservation and Diversity, Biodiversity and Conservation, PLOS One, Oecologia and African Journal of Ecology.
“To be able to conduct research, you need funding. In 2017 I applied and received funding from UMP and the National Research Foundation (NRF) for Research Development Grants for nGAP scholars. Currently, I am a grant holder of the Competitive Support for Unrated Researchers from NRF (2019 to 2021). I have been recognized and nominated to perform different activities in the science community. For example, I have reviewed manuscripts for journals and examined an MSc thesis. I have reviewed abstracts for conferences, for example, the 2019 Zoological Society of Southern Africa conference. In addition I have reviewed research proposals submitted for NRF funding.
My research interest is in conservation ecology of terrestrial ecosystems. My research aims to improve conservation of arthropods (for example, ants, spiders, beetles, millipedes, cockroaches and scorpions). I have studied arthropods in different biomes of South Africa such as grassland, savanna, forest and fynbos. I have also worked in disturbed habitat types like pine, gum-tree and subtropical-fruit plantations. Conservation of arthropods has direct and indirect positive impacts on the community.
Farming provides the food for many people in our country. Crop plants cannot produce food without pollination. Of all the pollinating agents, arthropods (for example, bees, beetles, butterflies, wasps and flies) are major pollinators that play an important role in the ecosystems. Additionally, arthropods maintain the healthy and fertile state of the soil through processes like decomposition and nutrient cycling. Arthropods like dung beetles keep our environment clean. Breaking down of dead plant material by arthropod, such as millipedes contribute towards cycling of nutrients, which improves the fertility of the soil and improve the crop growth and yield.
Arthropods serve as biological control agents in agricultural ecosystems. Arthropods like spiders, ants and ladybirds are natural enemies of many agricultural pests that affect crop yields negatively. Additionally, some arthropods, including certain beetle species are used to control alien plants like water hyacinth. All the reasons above emphasise the importance of studying the interaction of arthropods with their specific habitats and habitats in close proximity.
To strengthen my research, I am collaborating with colleagues from different institutions, such as Stellenbosch University, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, KwaZulu-Natal Museum and Agricultural Research Council. To help me grow in my career, I’ve invested in the development of others and am supervising two and co-supervising three BSc Agriculture honours students and two MSc students. These postgraduate students are working on arthropod diversity in agricultural crops, pristine and disturbed savanna vegetation.”
Dr Rachel Nishimwe-Niyimbanira, an Economics Lecturer at UMP, has published nine article, seven of which have been in accredited journals. In line with this month’s celebration of women, Dr Nishimwe-Niyimbanira shares findings of one of her recent research papers: Gender Dynamics in Employment and Labour Force Trends in South Africa,
co-authored with Dr Thandekile Sabela.
“The world made collective commitments to reduce the gender gap in the labour force and agreed on a set of key principles to improve the quality of women’s employment. Despite some progress in recent years, the gender gaps in labour market participation remains large in South Africa. Culture, tradition, norms and stereotypes have always contributed to the gender division of labour. Women often assume much more of the household and care responsibilities which inhibit their ability and opportunity to participate in the labour market. Women are also generally in charge of the reproductive role which involves performance of household duties and caring for children, disabled and elderly in the household.
Through a gender-based comparative analysis of the information on labour force, employment, and unemployment trends in South Africa, covering the period from 2010 to 2016, it was revealed that women were more likely than men to be unemployed or underemployed in South Africa. Women’s share of the total informal workforce is higher than men’s share. In South Africa, estimates indicate that elementary occupations, clerical and domestic work were the major sources of employment for women. Though women are emerging in the so-called highest paid occupational groups classified as managers, professionals and technicians, the percentage of management occupation is more than twice as high for men as for women.
This could indicate that females remain poorly represented in decision-making positions with males continuing to lead management positions. Therefore, traditional beliefs and cultural attitudes regarding the role and position of females in society are still coarse. Every minute more that a woman devotes to unpaid work denotes one minute less that she could be possibly using on market-oriented activities. Time spent cooking, cleaning and care-providing for children, the sick and the elderly forms part of unpaid work which principally contributes toward the world of strong families, societies, and nations. Such domestic work has been labelled as ‘the work that makes all other work possible’. Time is an extremely valuable and limited resource.
Women take up flexible working time arrangements that may ease the combination of these duties, and therefore, supply fewer hours of market work than males. Flexible work often does carry a penalty in lower wages, fewer promotions, a lower probability of full-time employment and lower access to social security benefits. Eventually, almost everyone will need to take time off from work to deal with personal or family circumstances. However, more women than men continue to be concentrated in jobs that do not offer paid leave and paid sick leave, and a higher share among employed women work with verbal agreement with their employers compared to the percentage among men.
The gender gap in employment, occupation and sector translates into limited access to employment-related social protection among females. In the 2017 Global Gender Gap Report involving 144 countries, the World Economic Forum indicated that the most challenging gender gap with a widening tendency continues to be in the economic sphere and it will now not be closed for another 217. While empowering women in the economy and closing gender gaps in the world of work are key to achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, the 2017 Global Gender Gap Report clearly indicates that closing the economic gender gap in the near future is still a mirage. Efforts need to be made in enabling environment towards women’s economic empowerment including schooling for all girls and boys.”
@ Story by Lisa Thabethe. Pictures supplied.